( British Fantasy Pics )

     On the subject of ghosts, according to "Beyond Magazine" of 1951, death is not the end of everything. Normally, mankind decides how long they wish to live - pending misfortune.  The old belief, similar to the Egyptian, that the soul survives death and was rewarded for its virtues; carries over to a modern perspective. This shows another life existing after shedding a mortal coil, where the spirit will either reap the reward for good deeds or be forced to accept the punishment for their evil.  Body burial in similar surroundings, allows access to others in the same privative state of being or decaying state of health.  Before passing into the peaceful beyond, the ghost's evils must be addressed. How the other ghosts learn of the truth is questionable.  Judgment by the ghost's peers (those wrongfully accused) takes place.  The soul is torment throughout eternity until the conscious is cleared by truth administered to by the accused ghost.  Escape is limited by a foot anchor near the grave site.  Punishment is further in demand by righting the wrong caused (finding the source of evidence) or be cursed to roam the regions of lost souls tormented - forever.  Ghosts can cause wind - only as they could in the living - to move objects.  By speaking, ghosts can create an urge for another living person to do something through the power of suggestion.  Ghosts go their separate ways: some are doomed to wander thè Earth without rest, seeking to right any wrong against innocent victims of false accusations; as a final punishment.  The Harpy, is part of a group of foul, malion creatures - part woman, part bird - that snatch away the souls of victims.  Harpies live a world of stench and filth and contaminate everything that comes near them.  If a mortal person  manages to privatize (kill) a harpy, the Harpy ceases to exist in any form - freeing the souls the Harpy collected.  Ghosts are not frightened.  They are affected by the full moonlight since they dwell in the dark side.  The ghost protects their realm of death - where they died.  Ghosts cannot see past fiery lights so, it is used to force the ghost to return to its tomb.  The words of death are questioned because the spirit of death has no lips or tongue from which to speak the words.  Teeth chatter in Morse code maybe?  Guilty secrets entrusted to death are not buried forever.  Death deals out fright by having the guilty ones face the person they murdered.  Only the dead can save someone from the dead.  A cursed spirit never dies.  The anniversary of the happenings might determine a review, confirming the happening of the tragedy. Change could alter the present of the past with intervention from the future!?  Television channel  Hades suggest the dead have power over the living in the judgment of justice for all; dead and living ... or was it just lonesome in death?  If a crime has taken place resulting in a privative state of being then, ghosts tend to reappear as warning.  Ghost clones ( fog creatures or mind vampires ) can assume the shape of anyone for short periods and draw intelligence and thoughts from the brain of anyone who comes within their power yet, they have no physical strength. Could be a source of the Bermuda or Devil's Triangle, eh?  Ghosts are the thought of the unquiet dead. Stolen treasure receives a curse until it is returned to the dead.. The curse calls for torture, haunting and retention of the soul of the thief - to guard the blood money treasure.  Revenge occurs if  power is stolen from a dead spirit.  There is ghostly revenge for an accident coverup. Ghosts hang out in rock-stone-gardens (graveyard). 

     Metaphysics is a philosophical outlook that strives to answer the world's unexplained mysteries.  Metaphysicians focus on different disciplines of paranormal research.  Ghost Hunters are specialized paranormal researchers focusing on reasons spirits or energies exist where found.

     Today, the Ancient's “Animism” could represent the personification and animation of anything. (3) Who or what can enter this spirit world? If the spirit is the same as a ghost then, it is reasoned  that there is no place in a spirit world for the unmourned privative ( a state of being leading to death) being. Because of this oversight, that spirit was sentenced to forever roam thè Earth for eternity. The spirit was to be unseen, unheard, unfelt and unknown by any living  thing. The spirit floating out of the body could function as a normal in their spirit world with restrictions in real world contact. The ability to hear in both the world of the living and dead was not impeded. The ghost does walk among the living, sometimes as a protector (using static shock for attention), without the need for hunger or pleasures of life; this suggests a dimension or another reality within a conscious nothingness.  Sometimes the ghost seeks the answer to the questions of existence of living bodies without spirits or  living spirits without bodies.  Sometimes an evil ghosts find another ghost/body in transition because of a disease, illness or surgery. The evil ghost attempts to steal the body - to return to the living. This is referred to as the “dark side”.  If someone were basically good, then only a “black enchantment” or slavery could make them evil. "Life through death" occurs  in many forms: organ cleaning, defibrillation using electric shock, stem cell-growth research, organ transplant, etc.  They are  all subject to body rejection / acceptance. The evil ghost / assumed body snatcher, can now communicate with both worlds. The ghost separated from his body can only talk in the spirit world until the spirit regains control. Characterization is assumed by the evil spirit - leaving behind all other traces of his discarded self.  To vanquish the evil spirit that has taken over the host body of another, the options include killing the body to release the spirit or direct contact with the Hindu Mazobulabula, the great thousand eyed spirit of space ( one of the 5,000 or 7,000 Hindu-Entities ). A fight will ensue for control - evil is weak without the element of surprise. The evil ghost failing their test to "rise above it all" or “reincarnate”, continues to wander over thè Earth, forever seeking but never finding release from their eternal wanderings.  An unholy transmigration or disembodied spectral form / spirit imagined while asleep, is viewed later as a nightmare. 

     Metaphysical Philosophy Professor Jaspers says, “The first experience of existenz is unrest because it is orientated toward reason as transcendence. Transcendence becomes an independent cause in the world; because existenz did not create itself. Transcendence, under the needling questioning of reason, comes into its own authentic movement. Without reason, transcendence becomes an inactive, demonic defiance; sleeping as an unconscious nothingness - as though not there.”¹

     Comments after recovery called it "post-traumatic stress disorder" or "post operative shock" or "generalized anxiety disorder".² Cures range from relaxation techniques - hypnosis, subliminal programming, psychotherapy - cognitive psychology behavioral, cybernetics or even dianetics.

Sources:

¹ "Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sarte” by W. Kaufmann, 1956

² "Saunder's Pocket Essentials of Psychiatry" by Puri, 1995

 British Fantasy pics

     While searching for the Jeckle and Hyde disorder; caused by an alcohol related disability, with psychiatric complications or multiple personality disorders in a medical book, I discovered something of interest for the questioning, probing mind-melder.

     In Psychiatry, there are several classifications of disorders under several group headings; adolescence, delusional, mood, organic, personality, physical factors, psychoactive substance use, psychological, special-minds, stress related and the one unspecified or unknown.

     A pearl describing amphetamines, cocaine and ectasy use says that diagnosed chest pains in a middle-class patient wearing running shoes and casual clothing is a cocaine induced coronary vasopasm. Now, what do expensive  running shoes and casual clothing have to do with being middle-class, eh? Even autism is described as being isolated to children up to the age of thirty months only! 

Source:
1.Gross's Kriminal Psychologie, 1910.

2.Saunder's Pocket Essentials of Psychiatry/page 117 - ICD-10 Classsification/1995.

3.Lang's Essentials of Diagnosis & Treatment,second edition/page 482/2002.

( British Fantasy Pics )

Zeitpeist is a time spirit. Important Pseudosciences include Pendelforschung - Pendulum Research, Hohlweltlehre - Hollow Earth Doctrine, Welteislehre or WEL - translated to World Ice Doctrine, and Arissophy under founder Dr. Jorg Lanz von Liebenfals. A group calling themselves the Wahrheitsgesellachaft  or the Society for Truth said these dream reasonings; which were based on Bible passages said for reasons that led to the war, "Humanity is the result of a forbidden mixture of angels and animals. Each person has a small percentage of angel and large percentage of (party) animal (astrology)."

During WWII, certain Nazi Germany Naval circles supported the Pendelforschung,  Hohlwelt-lehre and the Welteislehre. They used infrared equipment. (Allies then developed the radar.) Now, modern computers can transfer data between units using an infra-red technology pass.

Source: Astounding Science Fiction 1947-05

 British Fantasy Pics

When it comes to keeping a secret¹ like a football play-book; correct procedure in such circumstances is difficult. Never to reveal what is already known is to deprive oneself of one of the most important means of examination; use of it therefore ought not to be belated. It is much worse to be premature or garrulous.

In my own experience, I have never been sorry for keeping silent, especially if I have already said something. The only rule in the matter is comparatively self-evident. Never move toward any incorrectness and never present the appearance of knowing more than you actually do. Setting aside the dishonesty of such a procedure, the danger of a painful exposure in such matters is great. Official Secrets(see section 2A of the Official Secrets Act- Britain)²have a general significance, and must therefore be guarded at all points and not merely in detail.

Proverbs of all people deal with it and point mainly to the fact that keeping secrets is especially difficult for women. The Italians say a woman who may not speak is in danger of bursting; the Germans say that the burden of secrecy affects a woman's health and ages her prematurely; the English say similar things still more coarsely. Classical proverbs have dealt with the issue; numberless fairy tales, narratives, novels and poems have portrayed the difficulty of silence, and one very fine modern novel (Die Last des Schweigens, by Ferdinand Krnberger) has chosen this fact for its principal motive. The universal difficulty of keeping the silence is expressed in the dictum that we learn expression very young and silence very late.

There is still another great danger which one may beware of, optima fide,or the danger of knowing something untrue. One need only suggest that something is but maybe learned from people who talk too much. In as much as the least echo of bad faith is here impossible, the job is never easy. In many cases, the reasons for confession are very obvious. The criminal sees that the evidence is so complete that they are soon to be convicted and seek a mitigation of the sentence by confession, or they hope through a more honest narration of the crime to throw a great degree of the guilt on another. In addition there is a thread of vanity in confession. Not infrequently confession of small crimes is made to establish an alibi for a greater one. When the confession is made freely in response to mere pressure, we have a case of conscience. Edgar Allen Poe calls such confessions pure perversities,(a modern psychologism call this paraphilictendencies)³.

But the theory of stupidity or muddle,(a modern psychologism meaning a conceptual disorganisation)³ does not appeal to the practitioner. Even if we agree that a person foolishly makes a confession and later, when they perceive their mistake, bitterly regret telling it. One way of explaining them is to say that their source is mere stupidity and involves a defective intelligence. The confession was made because the confessor wanted to make it, and that's the whole story. As a matter of caution all statutes approve confessions as evidence, only when they agree completely with the other evidence. Confession is a means of proof, and not proof.

Source:

1.  “Criminal Psychology- A Manual for Judges,Practionersand Students”,   Section 8.Secrets./byHans Gross, J. U. D., page 28- 1909.

2.  “The Yes Minister Miscellany”/by A. Jay & J. Lynn,page 70- 2009.

3.  “The Bluffer's Guide to Psychology”- ReverseGlossary/by Warren Mansell, page 63- 2005.

  British Fantasy Pics

      The spiral technique ¹ is to gather evidence, form hypothesis, make a prediction, check validity, apply engineering attributes, form new hypothesis and make new predictions.  In designing this portable computer for scenarios, the computer should be like the human mind with its synapse, neuro-transmitters and neuro-electrical-pathways connected to the body's central nervous system.  Fed by glucose (honey, maple and corn syrup) they improve their analytical mind.  Science from this time (1950) said, the electronic computer should be as accurate and quick in multi-tasking problems, self-evaluating on memory chips for storage on external hard drives, which could only be changed using a password entry key.  The computer should also learn from repetitious input and possess spyware detection while being connected to a visual Information Highway or World-Wide-Web; currently controlled by the US Military adapting to todays' Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) on a hand-held device. We've come a long way Baby !!

Source:

¹ “Astounding Science Fiction” of 1950-05 (Vol XLV, #3)

     Several short stories appeared in the magazine Astounding Science Fiction written by L. Ron Hubbard - the founder of Dianetics. From the following list a reader could come to the conclusion that the author was a criminologist because he wrote stories dealing with dictatorship, greed, kidnapping, piracy, real-estate swindler and thievery. His theories on dianetics were revolutionary in the field of sociology and psychiatry - according to the editorials concerning his contribution to the sciences.My list is far from complete because the magazine is so old - but it is still worth noting bcause the old is new again.

1940-02 - "The Professor was a Thief"
    He stole odds and ends - the Empire State Building - Grant's Tomb - the Pennsylvania Station - for his     model railroad.

1940-04 - "Final Blackout" (three parts)
    One of the greatest and grimmest novels of science-fiction - a novel of the end of the current European War (WW1).

1942-10 - "The Beast"
    There in the jungles of Venus the Beast had to be killed - not only because it murdered, but because it had stolen something he couldn't live without - an intangible, absolutely necessary thing. 
    
1947-08 - "The End is Not Yet" (three parts)
    Hubbard's first post war novel about a few men against a dictatorship - and of the inevitable, the inescapable, result, whatever the determination, the high ideals and high courtage of the rebels.
   
1948-05 - "Obsolete Weapon"
    An obsolete weapon is like velocity, time-rate or any other factor; a purely relative thing. Particularly when someone is careless with a time machine ...

1949-08 - "A Matter of Matter"
    There have been small-time real-estate swindlers but in a galactic economy, the man who sells planets wholesale will do it up brown. Like for instance, selling the sucker a planet he can't even sit down on!

1950-03 -
   1. "Of Human Memory" Editorial
     A new science of human thought.
   2. "To the Stars"
     The conclusion to a story about a kidnapping in time.    

1950-04 - "Greed"
     Piracy is a remarkable thing. It's usually based on greed - but in a highly peculiar way. Many times its greed for adventure, for high and dangerous living, rather than greed for wealth!

1950-05 -
   1. "Dianetics: Evolution of a Science"
     A fact article of genuine importance.
   2. Editorial - "Concerning Dianetics"
     The article describes a technique of mental therapy of such power that it will, I know, seem fantastic.

1950-08 -
   1. Dianetics ad describing the concept.
   2. "In Times to Come"  describes responses to the article
   3. Brass Tacks Letter on several reader's response to the article.

1950-10 - Dianetics Ad about the Hubbard Dianetic Research Foundation, Inc
   
1951-02 - Dianetics Ad about Dianetics Instruction Courses.

1951-11 - Dianetics ad about a doctor's Report on Dianetics by Dr. J.A. Winter.

     A guide to psychology (Oval Books - 2005) says fundamentalist religion includes experimental and applied psychology working in labratories and rootling around in the real world with psychoanalysts attending lectures with behaviourists and cognitive-behavioural analysts.

      Dianetics ( Gr. Dionoua, thought ), the science of the body and mind, made its introduction in the  under the article, “Dianetics: The Evolution of a Science”. ¹ Note the article was published after the publication of Hubbard's text on the subject.  Because the high population of mental institutions constitutes experimental evidence that something in the way of revision of psychotherapy techniques is in order.  Statistics show fifty percent of the country's hospital beds are filled with mental cases.  Doctors say seventy percent of all physical ailments show a root-cause from psychosomatic causes.  L. Ron Hubbard claims Dianetic techniques regularly cure psychosomatic and all psychological troubles. Every case treated by his method of understanding was successful.  Dianetics is called a science because by following readily prescribed techniques, which can be specifically stated, based on definetly stated basic postulates, a specifically described result can be obtained in every case.

     The spiral technique is to gather evidence, form hypothesis, make a prediction, check validity, apply engineering attributes, form new hypothesis and make new predictions.  In designing this portable computer for scenarios, the computer should be like the human mind with its synapse, neuro-transmitters and neuro-electrical-pathways connected to the body's central nervous system.  Fed by glucose (honey, maple and corn syrup) they improve their analytical mind.  Science from this time said, the electronic computer should be as accurate and quick in multi-tasking problems, self-evaluating on memory chips for storage on external hard drives, which could only be changed using a password entry key.  The computer should also learn from repetitious input and possess spyware detection while being connected to a visual Information Highway or World-Wide-Web; currently controlled by the US Military adapting to Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) on a hand-held device.

      The description behind the experiment reminds me of Doc Savage and the way he approached the problem in his Crime College.  Doc Savage, being a surgeon and engineer also questioned transorbital leukotomy and the practice of subtotal euthanasia by destruction of the neural pathways to the prefrontal lobes.  What bothers the psychiatrist is “intractableness” not the insanity which bothers the patient.  There is a frantic search in a controlling method for race-homicidal, race-suicidal tendencies without enacting mind-murder - creating patient zombies avoiding pain.  A function of the brain is to avoid pain based on a preconditional response; it is countersurvival – avoid it.  Physical pain can be modified and changed from human memory.  Dianetics with Life Coaching is helping to restore many persons with mental disease or a head injury.  New legislation slated for 2013, for marijuana possession in the states of Washington and Colorado, should back-up statistics and lower the crime rate by at least five percent. Other studies by Universities are tapping into the pain relief properties of illegal narcotics.  How the states will tax it, is  still in debate.  Well, it serves you right for leaning on authority! One investigation leads to another because memory is in use leading to conclusions drawn from experience and conclusions drawn from its conclusions.  The results are computed in various ways to obtain correct answers. Beliefs such as thought alienation, blocking, broadcasting, insertion and withdrawel are delusional and dealt with by hidden unconscious memories because we have minds with which to think. Make note: the velocity of light is half that of electricity – we just have to plug in. Further application of a lithium power-grid would give us warp speed (2.5 times the speed of light). The stars are up there and we can reach them.

Source:

¹ “Astounding Science Fiction” of 1950-05 (Vol XLV, #3, page 4,43)

¹  

     I have just finished reading a most excellent science fiction story by Robert Heinlein called "If This Goes On ..." The tale of a dictatorship hiding behind the mask of a false cult in the United States.

     The magazine Astounding Science Fiction's editorial has a lot to say about the story and the science it represents - psychology. The editorial is titled, "It's isn't a science - yet."

     The story goes on to describe psychotechnicians, psychotherapists, psychodynamics and its' relation to a military religion of choice. Could it be in reference to the Naval hazing inquisition of Earth? Indoctrination of commissioned officers involving fasting (against certain substances such as fat, additives in diet, etc) with praying and penance. He mentions the "grand hailing sign of distress, virgins ministering to the prophet, a senior sister, an executive officer of the guard, a grand council, an agent provocateur and guardsmen in the angels of the lord, even a revered person of the prophet, deacons, angels of the Lord administering to nervous virgins, one of the innocents, right to stone the ungodly and suspects trying to make the evidence prove reasonable doubt or guilt of some minor offence counting on chance and human nature. There is also mentioned a tailor of the lodge, proctors of the chief inquisitor, a relief watch section, the cabal and a lodge master studying natural logarithms".
 
     Followers must be loyal, maintain secrecy and a superlative staff organization. Identity checks are on placed on a database listing measurements, photograph, voice recordings, plastic coated fingertips, backgrounds by a metamorphic and a walk analysis - all designed to question uniqueness and to create synthetic people with faked records. The oligarchy spy network. They used telephone circuits with infrared beam transmission able to communicate and influence the greater mass of people simultaneously (subliminal?).²

     "Mob Psychology" is a science because it effects the stock and bond markets and is therefore engaging the sciences of computers in speculation. "Propaganda" is also a science because it is marketing and it also employs the sciences of the computer in conveying a message. The Pacific Ocean being the widest, represents a challenge to communications and quick response to change. The scientific, logical study of the psyche (psychology) questions how any person will react to a preconditioned reflex or stimulus. The mind is compared to a dependable machine in physiology. In the scenario of directional control, psychology is questioned as a science. Insanity is another world of sight and sound, a difference of opinion from the rest of the world; a fine line between sanity and intelligence or genius. To accurately control, real science judges society and makes change, readjusting a psycho stimuli towards automation again. Adjustment towards an orderly world, free of crime and drugs (used to correct the individual criminal), applied to mob psychology and propaganda, still requires a corporate decision for judgement. Applying development to these two aspects in question (mob psychology and propaganda), the theory is proposed to eliminate any if not all "lost minds" failing to think for themselves. Decision making by intelligent normal humans, using a digital computer with scenarios in place (if, then, therefore reasoning) places the action of the science on their shoulders.Later, decisions can be reversed but only after a review of its decided outcome.

     This futuristic, military ritual of hazing turned non-cult, questions science and religious evidence - not authority. Science deals with natural phenomena and the physical universe; religion is a personal matter between mankind and their path to a religious liberty. It ends with a quote from George Washington on civil liberty & safety.

Sources:

¹ British Fantasy Pics   

² Astounding Science Fiction Magazine 1940-02 and 1940-03.

¹

Source: Astounding Science Fiction Editorial "Brain-Washing"- 1954-10 (Vol 054 No 02) 

I was reading a sci-fi magazine's editorial about psychotherapeutic techniques representing brain-washing gone wrong. In an attempt tp redirect that energy towards a more peaceful solution, an analysis for understanding the concept of brain-washing is required. It is based on not using torture (abuse,assault,electric shock, dungeon and chains, lie detector, sodium pantathum or truth serium, straw under the fingernails, water drip on the head,uttering threats,etc.). Instead of forcing a change, by sheer agony, the red brain-washers rely on inducing changes in the brain itself - beyond subliminal and hypnosis messaging.

Torture and human rights abuse is widespread and should not be tolerated by civilized nations that have come together for discussion. Historically, torture has taken many a wrong turn for the worst in breaking the covert spy's resistance. There must be more than one way to get a secret out of someone. Methods without torture include:

1. A painless prefrontal lobotomy initiates the effective control of the judgement centers. A hyperdermic needle is inserted behind the eyeball, and novacaine is injected directly into the brain tissues. The temporary effect, eliminated by the severing or paralyzing of the nerve trunk, suppresses memories like the sense of fear, guilt, shame or sorrow; they become readily available to a questioner. The patient is a living robot without courage or determination.

2. An "Insulin-shock treatment" produces a change of direction of determination.

3. A "Mind alteration technique" directing the patient to be will-less and do unpleasant things to themselves; if so commanded.

4. The "Brain Stravation technique" starves the brain of sugar or oxygen affecting the judgement faculty, further affecting beliefs and opinions of the mind - going into a slump, showing weakness and a permit of some realignment.

5.The "Red Brain-Washers" produce a state of semi-starvation and weaken the resistence of the whole organism with cold, damp, and by encouraging chronic minor infections such as colds. In addition, the intellect is starved by solitary confinement, acting as an additional effective factor. Without an hallucination consultation with someone else, ideas slip sideways and judgements weaken and fog. Hunger, chill, misery results in the brain, operating on a biochemical principle, not fueled properly. The new orientation is supplanted in the subconscious gradually as the brain is nourished gradually.

Note: A pilot flying too high without oxygen is hit with "hypoxia" causing the pilot to act drunk and irrational before blacking out. The pilot thinks their judgement is still working because the judgement needed to detect and confirm the concept is not working - it just isn't there.

Also note: A spy if captured must become a psychopathic liar. They're told to  confess to anything to save their skin. Any confession said under duress would be automatically valueless to the enemy.

     Opinion: The description behind the experiment reminds me of Doc Savage and the way he approached the problem in his Crime College.  Doc Savage, being a surgeon and engineer also questioned transorbital leukotomy and the practice of subtotal euthanasia by destruction of the neural pathways to the prefrontal lobes.  What bothers the psychiatrist is “intractableness” not the insanity which bothers the patient.  There is a frantic search in a controlling method for race-homicidal, race-suicidal tendencies without enacting mind-murder - creating patient zombies avoiding pain.  A function of the brain is to avoid pain based on a preconditioned response; it is counter survival – avoid it.  Physical pain can be modified and changed from human memory. Hubbard's Dianetics with Life Coaching is helping to restore many persons with mental disease or a head injury.  New legislation slated for 2013, for marijuana possession in the states of Washington and Colorado, should back-up statistics and lower the crime rate by at least five percent. Other studies by Universities are tapping into the pain relief properties of illegal narcotics.  How the states will tax it, is  still in debate.  Well, it serves you right for leaning on authority! One investigation leads to another because memory is in use leading to conclusions drawn from experience and conclusions drawn from its conclusions.  The results are computed in various ways to obtain correct answers. Beliefs such as thought alienation, blocking, broadcasting, insertion and withdrawal are delusional and dealt with by hidden unconscious memories because we have minds with which to think. Make note: the velocity of light is half that of electricity – we just have to plug in. Further application of a lithium power grid would give us warp speed. The stars are up there and we can reach

Additional Sources:

¹ British fantasy Pics

 British Fantasy Pics   

     Only the one who knows the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth can be certain that the statement chosen to say is completely false. Until a person is on the witness stand, they seem to be under the illusion of not having to tell the truth. The only true statement any human being can make is, "I  never state the complete truth." Further, "What I say is a complete lie." is as presumptuous to say, "What I say is the complete truth."

     The idea of a pathological lie implies that the speaker knew the truth, and knowingly chose to communicate a statement other than the truth. Leaving aside the impossibility of any human being knowing absolute truth, if there is such a thing, let's examine the matter of communication of statements. A lie is a communication that conveys to the listener an impression which the speaker considers incorrect. The human concept of lying, cause and source is a phenomenon in itself. Observe what society believes to be the indications of "the truth" and we can now deduce from that what the layman and scientific belief about lying is.

     To get at the truth, society has employed many methods of persuasion. Methods to get at the truth include getting a person drunk or the use of braining chemical drugs. The modern truth serum, scopolamine and the sodium pentothal narcosynthesis approach; like alcohol, serve to paralyze the higher brain centres, rendering the ability to select and judge greatly diminished if not inoperative. The lie detector or polygraph systems depend on the principle that any human being does not have complete conscious control of their emotional reactions. Heart rate, breathing and perspiration are not directly controlled by any process involving a thought or judicious selection. The ancient Hindu "rice test" involves the principle that the person who is afraid of being caught lying, tends to have a dry mouth and therefore, the guilty party will not be able to spit out a mouthful of rice, while the innocents have no problem. A person capable of judging conscious, thoughtful action will lie thru their teeth while the nonthinking person, reacting to an impulse will tell the truth.

     Emotion should not get the better of your thinking. Emotion is an unreliable guide when making judgements. If emotions are mankind's worst enemy they will betray the human and force emotion into play. Every possible effort to employ emotional thinking is made when a space alien wants to 'detect the truth' amidst a confusion of ideas. A human will never call another a liar if they agree with them. If they never agree with them and if they fail to understand the point of view or become too lazy to follow the argument, then one should try to divert their discussion somehow.¹

Espionage Notes ( Infiltrate, take over and inform)   ... the weak system of any espionage is the transfer of information ... involving contact between sender and receiver, intermediate checkpoint, a tap or intercept hidden in sound.² ... suspicion is that is needed ... because the only way the secret agent can remain undetected is to remain unsuspected ... because once the eye of counterintelligence is upon them, they must inevitably be unmasked. No cover can survive an investigation in depth.²

Philosophical Concept of Methodological Self-analysis:

     A reasonable doubt questions the evidence. If it's an argument you want, you've come to the right spot.
An argument or argus is the process of reasoning; the shewing or proving that which is doubtful by that which is known. The middle term of a syllogism is sometimes called specially 'the argument' or the 'inference'.
Evidence is literally the seeing of anything - meaning any facts apprehended by the mind, and made the grounds of knowledge and belief of thought, being the same or different in certain points. Therefore, define all terms and prove all propositions. Descartes' Rules of Truth Attainment includes questioning all information to the source, condensing problems to its lowest denomination, understanding simplicity to comprehend the complex and considering all scenarios.

     Lies:  Zeus gave no aid to liars. Saint Augustine said, “He who says some lies are just might also say that some sins are just, and therefore, some things are just which are unjust: what can be more absurd? and “Quid est enim fides, nisi credere quod non vides” or rather, Augustine is asking, “what is faith save to believe what you do not see.” Homer said, “Congreve had his measure too: Thou liar of the first magnitude.” Shakespeare said, “For my part, if a lie may do thee grace, I'll gild it with the happiest terms I have.” ( source: "The Testimony of Dr. Farnsworth" by F.L. Golden )

     Note: If a man says he is lying is his statement true? If so, then he is lying, and his statement is false. Is his statement false? If so, then he is lying, and his statement is true. Epimenides, the celebrated poet and prophet of Crete, is supposed to have said his famous remark, “All Cretan are liars”or, in other words, 'All statements made by Cretan are false.' Paradoxically, this remark is true as a self-contraction because it can be said, “All statements made by Epimenides are false because he is Cretan.” ³

Sources:

³ “Riddles in Mathematics” by Eugene P. Northrop